Displaytech(R)

Displaytech Technical Publications

FLC applications

Beam steering

1Fast multispectral liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulators (Zhang, Proc. SPIE 6208, 2006) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

2Easily aligned deformable-helix ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture and its use in devices (Wand, Proc. SPIE 1665, 1992) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

Correlator

3Serial transform optical correlator design principles (O'Callaghan, Appl. Opt. 40, 2001)

4Influence of SLM pixel size and shape on the performance of optical correlators and optical memories (O'Callaghan, Proc. SPIE 4089, 2000) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

5Single-chip correlator implementation for PCI-bus personal computers (O'Callaghan, Proc. SPIE 4043, 2000) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

6FLC-VLSI smart-pixel SLMs for image processing (O'Callaghan, Proc. SPIE 3466, 1998) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

7Highly integrated single-chip optical correlator (O'Callaghan, Proc. SPIE 3466, 1998) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

8Highly integrated compact optical correlators using FLC-VLSI spatial light modulators and diffractive optics (O'Callaghan, Proc. SPIE 3289, 1998) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

9Compact optical processing systems using off-axis diffractive optics and FLC-VLSI spatial light modulators (O'Callaghan, Proc. SPIE 2848, 1996) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

10Miniature hybrid optical correlators: device and system issues (Washwell, Proc. SPIE 1297, 1990) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

Displays

DIGITAL GRAY SCALE

11FLC microdisplays (Clark, Ferroelectrics 246, 2000)

12Miniature FLC/CMOS color-sequential display systems (Banas, J. SID 5, 1997)

13Miniature FLC/CMOS color sequential display systems (Handschy, 1996 SID Digest)

HMD

14Ultrabright head-mounted displays using LED-illuminated LCOS (Handschy, Proc. SPIE 6224, 2006) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

MANUFACTURING

15Microdisplay wafer-flatness metrology by optical interferometry (Walker, J. SID 9, 2001) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

OTHER

16Low-cost, full-color, high-resolution imaging with ferroelectric color filter (Crandall, Proc. SPIE 2566, 1995) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

Holographic data storage

17Spatial light modulators with integrated phase masks for holographic data storage (O'Callaghan, Proc. SPIE 6282, 2007) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

18Sorting through the lore of phase mask options: performance measures and practical commercial designs (O'Callaghan, Proc. SPIE 5362, 2004) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

Spatial light modulators

FLCOS

19Ferroelectric liquid crystal SLMs: from prototypes to products (O'Callaghan, Proc. SPIE 4457, 2001) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

20Optical characteristics of wavelength-optimized reflective FLC SLMs (Frisk, Proc. SPIE 3292, 1998) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

21256 x 256 ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator (Banas, Proc. SPIE 3015, 1997) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

22Ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulators for projection display (Banas, Proc. SPIE 2650, 1996) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

232D silicon/ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulators (Drabik, IEEE Micro 15, 1995) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

24Improvement of spatial light modulator optical input/output performance using microlens arrays (Chase, Opt. Lett. 20, 2003) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

25Ultra-thin silicon-on-sapphire for high-density active-matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) drivers (Shimabukuro, Proc. SPIE 2174, 1994) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

26One-transistor DRAM ferroelectric-liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (Handschy, Proc. SPIE 2237, 1994) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

27Optoelectronic chip for the implementation of back error propagation (Li, LEOS 1992 Summer Topical Meeting Digest on Broadband Analog and Digital Optoelectronics, Optical Multiple Access Networks, Integrated Optoelectronics, Smart Pixels 1992)

28Fast ferroelectric-liquid-crystal spatial light modulator with silicon-integrated-circuit active backplane (Handschy, Proc. SPIE 1291, 1990) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

29Ferroelectric-liquid-crystal/silicon-integrated-circuit spatial light modulator (Cotter, Opt. Lett. 15, 1990) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

30Silicon VLSI/ferroelectric liquid crystal technology for micropower optoelectronic computing devices (Drabik, Appl. Opt. 29, 1990) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

OASLM

31High-speed, low-power optical phase conjugation using a hybrid amorphous silicon/ferroelectric-liquid-crystal device (Johnson, Opt. Lett. 15, 1990) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

32High-speed binary optically addressed spatial light modulator (Moddel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 1989) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

33Hydrogenated amorphous-silicon photosensor for optically addressed high-speed spatial light modulator (Li, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 36, 1989) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

34Ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator (Armitage, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 144, 1987)

35Ferroelectric liquid-crystal and fast nematic spatial light modulators (Armitage, Proc. SPIE 684, 1986) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

OTHER

36Electro-optic applications of ferroelectric liquid crystals to optical computing (Handschy, Ferroelectrics 85, 1988)

Waveguide devices

37High-contrast ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (Cotter, Opt. Lett. 19, 1994) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

38Surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid-crystal electro-optic waveguide switch (Clark, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 1990) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

39Electro-optic switching using total internal reflection by a ferroelectric liquid crystal (Meadows, Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 1989) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

FLC basic science

Bistable alignment

40Defect-Free Bistable C1 Surface Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display (Wang, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 43, 2004) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

41Eliminating layer undulation textures in SSFLC devices (Wang, 2003 SID Digest)

42Defect-free bistable C1 SSFLC display (Wang, 2002 SID Digest) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

Diffractive optics

43Diffractive ferroelectric liquid-crystal shutters for unpolarized light (O'Callaghan, Opt. Lett. 16, 1991) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

44Ferroelectric liquid crystal devices for high-resolution imaging (Handschy, 1991 SID Digest)

Director field model

45Director reorientation dynamics in chevron ferroelectric liquid crystal cells (Maclennan, Liq. Cryst. 7, 1990)

46Director orientation in chevron surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cells: Verification of orientational binding at the chevron interface using visible polarized light transmission spectroscopy (Maclennan, Liq. Cryst. 7, 1990)

Ionic effects

47Reduction of image sticking in FLC devices by 'kicking' (Xue, 2000 SID Digest) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

48Flow of ionic impurities in a ferroelectric liquid crystal device (Xue, 2000 SID Digest) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

49Ionic transport effects in SSFLC cells (Zou, Ferroelectrics 121, 1991)

Layer structure

50Lowest energy layer structure for twist states SSFLC device (Wang, Ferroelectrics 278, 2002)

51Dynamic behavior of oscillatory plastic flow in a smectic liquid crystal (Herke, Physical Review E (Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics) 56, 1997) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

52Structural transformation and field lines in thin liquid crystal cells with chevron layer structures (Xue, Proc. SPIE 2892, 1996) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

53Near-atomic resolution imaging of ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules on graphite by scanning tunneling microscopy (Walba, Science 267, 1995)

54Stress-induced vortex line helixing avalanches in the plastic flow of a smectic A liquid crystal (Herke, Science 267, 1995)

Phase transitions

55Calorimetric study of the smectic-A--smectic-C* transition and the nematic--smectic-A--smectic-C* point (Wen, Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics) 42, 1990) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

56Physical properties and alignment of a polymer-monomer ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture (Parmar, J. Phys. (Les Ulis, Fr) 51, 1990)

57Effect of the transverse dipole moment on the smectic-A--smectic-C (or --chiral-smectic-C) transition (Liu, Physical Review A (General Physics) 40, 1989)

58Novel liquid-crystal phase-transition behavior at the chiral nematic--smectic-A--smectic-C point (Parmar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1989)

Reviews

59Ferroelectric liquid crystals: material properties and applications (Skarp, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 165, 1988)

Switching

60Asymmetric Switching in FLC Microdisplays (Meadows, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 434, 2005)

61Phase stability of ferroelectric liquid crystals upon repeated switching and static temperature characteristics (Hartman, Appl. Opt. 32, 1993) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

62Solitary waves in ferroelectric liquid crystals (Maclennan, Solitons in Liquid Crystals, 1992)

63Orientational plasticity at a smectic-liquid-crystal–anisotropic-solid interface (Zhuang, Phys. Rev. A 45 1992)

64Total internal reflection studies of a ferroelectric liquid crystal/anisotropic solid interface (Zhuang, Proc. SPIE 1455, 1991)

65Surface orientation transitions in surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal structures (Xue, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 1988) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

FLC materials

Analog effects

DHF

66Analog electro-optic modulators for ferroelectric-liquid-crystal/VLSI spatial light modulators (Handschy, Proc. SPIE 1911, 1993) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

67Easily aligned deformable-helix ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture and its use in devices (Wand, Proc. SPIE 1665, 1992) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

ELECTROCLINIC

68Dielectric study of the electroclinic effect in the smectic-A phase (Kalmykov, Physical Review E (Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics) 50, 1994) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

69High performance electroclinic materials (Walba, Ferroelectrics 148, 1993)

70Large electroclinic effect in a new chiral liquid crystal material (Williams, Ferroelectrics 121, 1991)

V-SHAPE SWITCHING

71Switching dynamics and surface forces in thresholdless "V-shaped" switching ferroelectric liquid crystals (O'Callaghan, Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics) 67, 2003)

72Electro-optic characteristics of de Vries tilted smectic liquid crystals: Analog behavior in the smectic A* and smectic C* phases (Clark, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 2002) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

73The case of thresholdless antiferroelectricity: polarization-stabilized twisted SmC* liquid crystals give V-shaped electro-optic response (Rudquist, J. Mater. Chem. 9, 1999) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

Bananas

74Charge controlled, fixed optic axis analog ('v-shaped') switching of a bent-core ferroelectric liquid crystal (O'Callaghan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2004) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

75A chameleon chiral polar liquid crystal: rod-shaped when nematic, bent-shaped when smectic (Lagerwall, Chem. Mater. 6, 2004)

Heteroatom

76The effect of carborane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and benzene on mesogenic and dielectric properties of laterally fluorinated three-ring mesogens (Januszko, J. Mater. Chem. 31, 2006) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

77Three-ring mesogens containing p-carboranes: characterization and comparison with the hydrocarbon analogs in the pure state and as additives to a ferroelectric mixture (Januszko, J. Mater. Chem. 14, 2004) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

High birefringence

78Tolane cinnamates - a new class of stable, high birefringence dopants (Wand, Ferroelectrics 180, 1996)

79High-birefringence dopants for use in ferroelectric and nematic liquid crystal mixtures (Wand, Proc. SPIE 2408, 1995) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

80Ring-substituted diphenyldiacetylenes for use in ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulators (Wand, Proc. SPIE 1911, 1993) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

Mixture evolution

81FLC materials optimized for high resolution magnified view and projection applications. (Wand, Ferroelectrics 246, 2000)

82FLC displays for high-resolution magnified view and projection applications (Wand, Proc. SPIE 3635, 1999) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

83High-resolution FLC displays for handheld and projection use (Wand, Proc. SPIE 3421, 1998) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

84Chronocolor FLC devices for high-resolution projection displays (Wand, Proc. SPIE 3296, 1998) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

85FLC materials for microdisplay applications (Thurmes, Proc. SPIE 3318, 1998) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

86High Resolution Color FLC Miniature Display and FLC Materials Optimized for Their Operation (Wand, Ferroelectrics 213, 1998)

87High temperature ferroelectric liquid crystals (Thurmes, Molecular Crystal and Liquid Crystals 299, 1997)

88FLC materials for microdisplay applications (Thurmes, Proc. SPIE 3015, 1997) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

89New ferroelectric liquid crystal host materials for use in optoelectronic applications (Wand, Proc. SPIE 2175, 1994) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

Nonlinear optics

90Negative birefringence liquid crystals (Thurmes, Liq. Cryst. 25, 1998)

91New ferroelectric liquid crystal polymers for nonlinear optics applications (Thurmes, Thin Films for Integrated Optics Applications, 1995) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

92Technique for mesuring electronic-based electro-optic coefficients of ferroelectric liquid crystals (Arnett, Thin Films for Integrated Optics Applications, 1995) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

93Synthesis of ferroelectric liquid crystal oligomer glasses for second-order nonlinear optics (Walba, Proc. SPIE 1911, 1993) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

94Design and synthesis of ferroelectric liquid crystals. 15. FLC materials for nonlinear optics applications (Walba, Ferroelectrics 121, 1991)

Photoswitching

95Reversible photocyclization of achiral dithienylperfluorocyclopentene dopants in a ferroelectric liquid crystal: bistable SSFLC photoswitching (Maly, J. Mater. Chem. 14, 2004) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

96Photoinduced polarization inversion in a ferroelectric liquid crystal using an ambidextrous chiral thioindigo dopant (Vlahakis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 2003)

97Bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal photoswitch triggered by a dithienylethene dopant (Maly, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 2002)

Polarization and dopants

98Ferroelectric liquid crystals induced by dopants with axially chiral 2,2'-spirobiindan-1,1'-dione cores (Boulton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 2005)

99Ferroelectric liquid crystals induced by atropisomeric biphenyl dopants: influence of the SmC host mixture composition (Hegmann, J. Mater. Chem. 14, 2004) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

100Detection of chiral perturbations in ferroelectric liquid crystals induced by an atropisomeric biphenyl dopant (Hartley, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 2002)

101Ferroelectric liquid crystal induced by a bridged biphenyl dopant with helical topography (Lazar, J. Mater. Chem. 12, 2002) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

102Chiral distortion of the binding site in a ferroelectric liquid crystal induced by an atropisomeric biphenyl dopant (Lazar, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 2000

103New chiral dopants based on the 2-fluoro-2-methylalkoxy tail for use in ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures (Wand, Molecular Crystal and Liquid Crystals 263, 1995)

104Ferroelectric properties of a series of core-fluorinated dopants containing the 2,3-difluoroalkoxy tail (Thurmes, Liq. Cryst. 14, 1993)

105Ferroelectric liquid crystals possessing a novel fluorinated chiral moiety (Hirai, Ferroelectric liquid crystals possessing a novel fluorinated chiral moiety 1665, 1992) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

106Use of the Boulder model for the design of high-polarization fluorinated ferroelectric liquid crystals (Wand, Proc. SPIE 1455, 1991) This article is a PDF, it will open in a new window. PDF

107Use of the Boulder model to predict coupling between dipoles in the core and chiral tail of fluorinated ferroelectric liquid crystals (Wand, Molecular Crystal and Liquid Crystals 202, 1991)

108Synthesis and characterization of a series of high polarization difluorinated ferroelectric liquid crystal dopants (Thurmes, Molecular Crystal and Liquid Crystals 204, 1991)

109Synthesis, spectra and ferroelectric properties of a series of dihalogenated dopants (Thurmes, Ferroelectrics 121, 1991)

110Properties of a series of phenylpyrimidine ferroelectric liquid crystals possessing the 2,3-difluoroalkoxy tail (Wand, Ferroelectrics 121, 1991)

111Evolution of the Boulder model for the molecular origins of the polarization in ferroelectric liquid crystals (Walba, Ferroelectrics 113, 1991)

112Design and synthesis of new ferroelectric liquid crystals. 9. An approach to creation of organic polymer thin films with controlled, stable polar orientation of functional groups (Walba, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 1989)