History of LCOS

	1973–1983: Direct-view Displays 1973 Hughes Aircraft: the first LCOS device? 1980 Toshiba: direct-view television screen 1981 Seiko Epson: textured diffuser mirrors 1981 Std. Telecomm: 40 × 40 dichroic 1983 Toshiba: 480 × 480 with planarized mirrors

	1983–1998: Spatial Light Modulators 1983 Hughes: silicon liquid-crystal light valve 1988 Edinburgh Univ.: nematic SLM 1989 Displaytech: 1st foundry silicon & FLC 1994 Displaytech: CMP 1995 Displaytech: SLM with lenslet array

	1992–present: Microdisplays 1992 Kopin: 192 x 192 lift-off 1993 Displaytech: 256 x 256 sequential color 1998 JVC: d-ILA 1998 IBM: projection monitor 2000 Sony: FLC UXGA 2000 Displaytech: electronic viewfinder 2004 JVC/Aurora: all-digital d-ILA 2005 Sony SXRD

	Emerging Applications 1990 Displaytech: unpolarized diffraction & hologram 1996 Univ. Colo.: holographic optical crossbar switch 2000 ROSES: 1 × 8 fiber-optic switch 2004 ENST Bretagne: crossbar switch 1998 IBM: write head for HDS 2005 Displaytech: 1216 × 1216 write head for HDS 2006 Light Blue Optics: holographic display

1973–1983: Direct-view Displays